Application of valve removal technique in improved endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the efficacy of valve removal technology in improved endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy.METHODS: Prospective randomized controlled study. A total of 92 patients(98 eyes)with nasolacrimal duct obstruction who underwent endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy in our hospital from November 2020 to September 2022 were selected as the study subjects and they were randomly divided into group A(traditional group)and group B(improved group). The nasal mucosal flap was preserved after incision of the nasal mucosa in group A, the lacrimal sac flap and nasal mucosal flap were trimmed to an appropriate shape after the incision of the lacrimal sac, and the lacrimal sac flap the nasal mucosal flap were matched up. Group B made a “□” shaped incision on the nasal mucosa to remove the complete square nasal mucosa tissue. After the lacrimal sac was incised, the lacrimal sac mucosa was preserved as much as possible, and then the residual nasal mucosa was trimmed to make the lacrimal sac flap close to but not in contact with the residual nasal mucosa. Furthermore, the intraoperative bleeding volume and surgical duration of two groups of patients were recorded, and follow up until 3 mo postoperative. Nasal endoscopy and lacrimal duct flushing examinations were performed at 1 and 3 mo postoperative, respectively. The proliferation of granulation tissue within 5 mm of the ostial postoperative and the therapeutic effect were observed.RESULTS: At 3 mo postoperatively, 6 patients(7 eyes)who were lost to follow-up were excluded. A total of 44 eyes were included in group A, and 47 eyes were included in group B. The bleeding volume [27.00(22.00, 41.00)mL] and the surgical duration [35.00(33.00, 42.00)min] in group B were significantly lower than those in the group A(P<0.001). At 1 mo postoperatively, granulation tissue hyperplasia was observed within 5 mm of the ostial in 12 eyes of group A. In group B, granulation tissue hyperplasia was observed within 5 mm of the ostial in 1 eye. At 3 mo postoperatively, there were 9 eyes in group A with ostial adhesions but incomplete closure, and 2 eyes with complete closure; group B had 1 eye with mild adhesions at the ostial site and no ostial closure. The postoperative complications in the group B were significantly less than those in the group A(P<0.05), and the therapeutic effect was better than that in the group A(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The application of valve removal technology in improving endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy not only significantly reduces intraoperative bleeding and surgical duration, but also effectively reduces postoperative complications and improves surgical efficacy.

Effect of floating acupuncture therapy on refractory pressure ulcer and its effects on serum levels of superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde and insulin-like growth factor-1 / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of floating acupuncture therapy in the treatment of chronic refractory pressure ulcers and its effects on serum levels of superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde and insulin-like growth factor-1.Methods:A total of 60 patients with chronic refractory pressure ulcers who received treatment in The Second Hospital of Jiaxing from October 2019 to October 2021 were included in this study. They were randomly divided into observation and control groups, with 30 patients in each group. The patients in the control group were given routine treatment, while the patients in the observation group were given floating acupuncture therapy based on routine treatment. Clinical efficacy, wound healing rate after 7, 14 and 21 days of treatment, the time of emerging granulation tissue, the time of shedding rotten meat, and the time of wound healing, changes in serum levels of superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde and insulin-like growth factor-1 after 21 days of treatment relative to those before treatment were compared between the two groups.Results:Total response rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [90.0% (27/30) vs. 66.7% (20/30), χ2 = 4.81, P < 0.05]. Wound healing rate after 7, 14 and 21 days of treatment in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( t = -5.45, -7.77, -7.51, all P < 0.001). The time of emerging granulation tissue, the time of shedding rotten meat, and the time of wound healing in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group ( t = 5.69, 9.26, 8.91, all P < 0.001). After 21 days of treatment, serum levels of superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde and insulin-like growth factor-1 in the observation group were (96.52 ± 10.43) U/mL, (4.32 ± 0.78) μmol/L, (43.52 ± 8.29) μg/L, respectively, which were significantly different from (83.76 ± 6.81) U/mL, (5.48 ± 0.92) μmol/L, (36.78 ± 9.18) ng/mL, in the control group ( t = 5.61, 5.27, 2.98, all P < 0.05). Conclusion:Floating acupuncture therapy is effective in the treatment of refractory pressure ulcer. It can accelerate wound healing, increase serum superoxide dismutase and insulin-like growth factor-1 levels, and decrease serum malondialdehyde level.

Application of reactive soft tissue preservation in extraction sockets of periodontitis: recent progress and perspectives / 口腔疾病防治

@#Chronic periodontitis is a prevalent disease; if left untreated, it is a main indication for tooth extraction and can lead to tooth loss. The reactive soft tissue, formed as a result of the immune response to chronic inflammation, is left in the compromised socket. The major concern is how to deal with the residual reactive soft tissue. Conservative thought states that the reactive soft tissue should be completely debrided. In addition, novel practices concerning the reactive soft tissue were proposed in recent trials, which demonstrated that there might be merits for soft and hard tissue regeneration with preservation of the reactive soft tissue. Studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells exist in inflammatory reactive soft tissue, stressing their potential in tissue regeneration. Although the therapeutic value is highly promising, the specific components of the reactive soft tissue and the standard on whether it should be preserved need further investigation.

In Vitro Evaluation of Dalbergia sissoo and Acacia modesta gum as Pharmaceutical Binders for Drug Delivery System

Abstract The present study aimed to compare the crude, modified and hydrolyzed gums of Dalbergia sissoo and Acacia modesta as a biodegradable binder for drug delivery system using acetaminophen as a model drug. The physiochemical properties such as pH, fluorescence analysis and swelling index were determined. The gums were hydrolyzed and modified. Acetaminophen tablets were prepared using wet granulation technique and the gum solutions were used as a binder. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose was used as a synthetic binder. Different properties of granules and tablets were evaluated. Results showed that both gums were acidic in nature, while D. sissoo and A. modesta showed light brown and creamy color in fluorescence analysis. The swelling ratio was the highest in water followed by 0.1N HCl and least in phosphate buffer. The prepared tablets showed faster and slower dissolution profiles in the same dissolution system. The crude gums have the highest dissolution rate, and this rate was decreased in the case of modified and hydrolyzed gums samples. The crude gums showing slower release can be useful in sustained-release tablets, while the modified gums having faster release rate are helpful in conventional tablet formulation. Taken together, the selected gums could be a good model for evaluation as a binder or hydrophilic polymer in tablet formulation.

Establishment of Feedforward Control Model for Dry Granulation of Polysaccharide Components Based on Quality by Design / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveA feedforward control model for dry granulation of polysaccharide components was established to guide the adjustment and optimization of critical process parameters （CPPs） in the design space， so as to reduce the impact of fluctuations in raw materials properties on the quality of medicines. MethodTaking Astragali Radix extract powder as the model drug， the design space of dry granulation CPPs was determined by Box-Behnken design. Astragali Radix mixed powder with different powder properties were prepared by mixture design， the variance inflation factor （VIF） was used to diagnose the multicollinearity of the powder properties， and principal component analysis （PCA） was used to extract the characteristic data of the model. Radial basis function neural network （RBFNN） was used to establish a feedforward control model for reflecting the relationship between the powder properties of polysaccharide components， dry granulation CPPs and one-time molding rate. ResultThe design space for dry granulation CPPs of polysaccharide components was 16-35 Hz for feeding speed， 10-23 Hz for roller speed， and 10-46 kg·cm-2 for roller pressure. The established RBFNN feedforward control model had a good predictive effect on the one-time molding rate of dry granulation of polysaccharide components， which could be used to guide the adjustment and optimization of CPPs in the design space， the relative error was 0.38%-6.73%， and the average relative error was 3.42%. ConclusionThe established feedforward control model can well reflect the relationship between the powder properties of the polysaccharide components， the dry granulation CPPs and the one-time molding rate of the granules， which can be used to guide the adjustment and optimization of CPPs in the design space， reduce the impact of material property fluctuation on product quality， and provide ideas for promoting the quality of traditional Chinese medicine from passive control to active control.

Anastomotic tuberculosis after carinal resection and reconstruction: A case report / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#This patient was a 47-year female who underwent carinal resection and reconstruction because of left main bronchial mucoepidermoid carcinoma. She underwent four cycles chemotherapy when recovering from surgery because of subcarinal lymph node metastasis. However, the patient suffered from recurred productive cough and dyspnea during chemotherapy. Bronchoscopic assessment revealed stenosis at the reconstructed carina and left main bronchus five months after surgery. The granulation tissues of the left main bronchus showed no evidence of cancer recurrence. After repeated bronchoscopic resection of granulation tissue combined with bronchial stent placement, the left main bronchial stenosis gradually worsened with granulation tissue growth. Three acid-fast bacilli were found in the granulation tissue harvested ten months after surgery. The reason of postoperative bronchostenosis was confirmed as endobronchial tuberculosis, and antitubercular agents were added. Unfortunately, she had persistent left main bronchostenosis due to irreversible destruction and left pulmonary atelectasis thereafter. Therefore, for the recurring anastomotic granulomas after tracheobronchial reconstruction, the possibility of tuberculosis infection should be considered.

Exploratory study on preparation of high drug loading granules with traditional Chinese medicine raw powder as carriers / 中国中药杂志

With Sangtang Yin granule as model drug,and based on the strategy of " unification of medicines and excipients",the feasibility of preparing high drug loading granules with traditional Chinese medicine( TCM) raw powder as carrier was explored. The powder yield,particle size and particle size distribution,fillibility,flowability,hygroscopicity,reconstituability and other key physical properties relating to preparations of 8 herbs( Dioscoreae Rhizoma,Euryales Semen,Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma,Coicis semen,Poria,Puerariae Lobatae Radix,Puerariae Thomsonii Radix and Coicis Semen by stir-frying with bran) were studied after being smashed,and the feasibility of taking them as excipients of TCM granules was evaluated by co-spray drying,dry granulation and other preparation techniques. According to the results of the physical properties of raw powders,raw powders of Dioscoreae Rhizoma,Euryales Semen and Puerariae Thomsonii Radix had a high powder yield,uniform particle size distribution,good fillibility,poor hygroscopicity and good reconstitutability,with the feature of assisting granule forming. Compared with the prescription of spray dry powder Sangtang Yin without any excipient,the co-sprayed powder had a high yield,good fillibility and compressibility. The yield of dry granules prepared by co-spraying dry powder was increased by more than 10%,and the particles had a uniform color,good fluidity and dissolubility with the drug-loading rate up to 100%. Based on the physical characteristics of TCM raw powder combined with the analysis of the preparation process,Dioscoreae Rhizoma and Puerariae Thomsonii Radix raw powder were selected as the carriers of granule preparations,and Sangtang Yin granule without any excipient was successfully prepared. The findings provide a feasible idea for the preparation of TCM granules with a high drug loading capacity.

Skin graft associated with platelet-rich plasma in correcting extensive injuries resulting from the resection of skin cancer chemically induced in rats

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate whether using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the graft recipient bed after the resection of a neoplasia can influence its recurrence because this product stimulates angiogenesis, mitogenesis and chemotaxis. Methods: A study with 30 rats Wistar (Rattus norvegicus albinus), which were separated into group A (induction of carcinogenesis, PRP in the postoperative period) and group B (induction of carcinogenesis, absence of PRP in the postoperative period), with 15 animals in each. Carcinogenesis was induced on the skin of the animals' chest by the topical application of 0.5% dimethylbenzantracene (DMBA) diluted in acetone. After surgical resection of the induced neoplasia, PRP was used to stimulate angiogenesis before surgical wound synthesis. Data on the control and experimental groups and macroscopic and microscopic variables were evaluated using analysis of variance and the Tukey's test (5%). Results: It was possible to determine that the use of PRP is good in reconstructive surgeries, but it is contraindicated in patients during tumor resection, as it can cause changes in the surgical bed, in addition to stimulating recurrences and metastases. Conclusions: PRP may interact with tumour cells that were in the recipient site of the surgical wound during the resection of a neoplasia, and a local recurrence process can be triggered by applying this product.

Autologous platelet-rich plasma action on skin autografts in horses / Ação do plasma rico em plaquetas autólogo em autoenxertos de pele em equinos

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the action of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on cutaneous wounds, containing skin autografts, in the gluteal region of horses. Seven healthy horses were used. Two 6 x 6cm cutaneous wounds were produced on each side of the gluteal region. Eight days after wound induction, grafts were performed with skin fragments harvested from the neck, as well as the application of PRP, prepared by double-centrifugation protocol. Wounds with autografts on the left side received PRP (group T), and those with autografts on the right side did not receive treatment (group C). Macroscopic and microscopic evaluations were performed, considering the integration of autografts and retraction of wound edges, as well as neovascularization, inflammatory infiltrate, young fibroblasts, collagenization, reepithelization and autografts integration. There was no difference between the groups (P > 0.05) in relation to most macroscopic and microscopic variables. However, neovascularization was significantly greater (p = 0.0191) in group T, on the 14th day after grafting. It is concluded that PRP favors the process of skin repair with autografts in horses, since it increases the neovascularization in the initial phase of wound healing. Furthermore, the PRP seems to positively influence the integration of the skin autografts and the retraction of the wound edges.

RESUMO: Este estudo avaliou a ação do plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) autólogo em feridas cutâneas, contendo autoenxertos de pele em equinos. Foram utilizados sete equinos hígidos, nos quais foram produzidas duas feridas cutâneas de 6 x 6cm, em cada um dos lados da região glútea. Oito dias após a indução das feridas, foram realizados enxertos com fragmentos de pele colhidos do pescoço, assim como a aplicação do PRP, preparado através de protocolo de dupla centrifugação. As feridas com autoenxertos do lado esquerdo receberam PRP (grupo T), e as com autoenxertos do lado direito não receberam tratamento (grupo C). Foram realizadas avaliações macroscópica e microscópica, considerando as variáveis integração dos autoenxertos e retração das bordas da ferida, além de neovascularização, infiltrado inflamatório, fibroblastos jovens, colagenização, reepitelização e integração dos autoenxertos. Não houve diferença entre os grupos (p > 0,05) em relação à maioria das variáveis macroscópicas e microscópicas. Contudo, a neovascularização foi significativamente maior (P = 0,0191) no grupo T, no 14º dia após a realização da enxertia. Conclui-se que o PRP favorece o processo de reparo da pele com autoenxertos em equinos, já que aumenta a neovascularização na fase inicial da cicatrização da ferida. Ainda, o PRP parece influenciar positivamente a integração dos autoenxertos de pele e a retração das bordas da ferida.

Material manufacturability classification in high shear wet granulation process of Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

The high shear wet granulation(HSWG) process of Chinese medicine has a complicated mechanism. There are many influencing factors that contribute to this process. In order to summarize the manufacturability of different kinds of materials in HSWG, this paper constructed a material library composed of 11 materials, including 4 Chinese medicine extracts and 7 pharmaceutical excipients. Each material was described by 22 physical parameters. Several binders were employed, and their density, viscosity and surface tension were characterized. Combining empirical constraints and the principle of randomization, 21 designed experiments and 8 verification experiments were arranged. The partial least squares(PLS) algorithm was used to establish a process model in prediction of the median granule size based on properties of raw materials and binders, and process parameters. The surface tension and density of binders, as well as the maximum pore saturation were identified as key variables. In the latent variable space of the HSWG process model, all materials could be divided into three categories, namely the Chinese medicine extracts, the diluents and the disintegrants. The granulation of Chinese medicine extracts required low viscosity and low amount of binder, and the resulted granule sizes were small. The diluent powders occupied a large physical space, and could be made into granules with different granule sizes by adjusting the properties of binders. The disintegrants tended to be made into large granules under the condition of aqueous binder. The combination use of material database and multivariate modeling method is conducive to innovate the knowledge discovery of the wet granulation process of Chinese medicine, and provides a basis for the formulation and process design based on material attributes.

Heberprot P en lesión grave de la mano e injerto bipediculado al abdomen. Presentación de caso / Heberprot P in serious hand injury and bipedicular graft to the abdomen. Case report

RESUMEN Fundamento: El Heberprot P es una terapia que contribuye a la reparación de tejidos dañados. Su utilización en las lesiones ortopédicas de los miembros superiores es muy reciente y de escasa publicación. Objetivo: Describir la evolución de una paciente con lesión grave del dorso de la mano derecha en el que se utilizó el Heberprot P, seguido de injerto pediculado. Presentación de caso: Paciente que sufrió accidente con lesión grave en la mano derecha. Se realizó diagnóstico clínico e imagenológico con pérdida de piel, tejido celular subcutáneo y fractura del cuarto y quinto metacarpianos, se le aplicó procedimiento quirúrgico. Evolucionó de forma tórpida con infección profunda, pérdida de tendones extensores y exposición ósea, se decidió iniciar tratamiento con Heberprot P para incentivar tejido de granulación; 21 días después se logró cubrir las estructuras óseas, se operó los tendones y cobertura cutánea con injerto bipediculado al abdomen con evolución favorable. La paciente se reincorporó a su actividad social y laboral a los 10 meses. Conclusiones: El Heberprot P aceleró la cicatrización de tejidos, asociado a colgajos a distancia facilitó una evolución satisfactoria y evitó la amputación, disminuyó estadía hospitalaria, asimismo propició la reincorporación a la vida social y laboral.

ABSTRACT Background: Heberprot P is a therapy that contributes to the repairing of damaged tissues. Its use in orthopedic injuries of the upper limbs is very recent and of little publication. Objective: To describe the evolution of a patient with a serious injury to the back of the right hand in which the Heberprot P was used, followed by a pedicle graft. Case report: Patient who suffered an accident with a serious right hand injury. Clinical and imaging diagnosis was made with skin loss, subcutaneous cellular tissue and fracture of the fourth and fifth metacarpals, a surgical procedure was applied. It evolved torpidly with deep infection, loss of extensor tendons and bone exposure, it was decided to start treatment with Heberprot P to stimulate granulation tissue; 21 days later, the bone structures were covered, the tendons and skin coverage were operated with a bipedicular graft to the abdomen with a favorable evolution. The patient returned to her social and work activity at 10 months. Conclusions: Heberprot P accelerated tissue healing, associated with remote flaps, facilitated a satisfactory evolution and avoided amputation, decreased hospital stay, and also favored return to social and work life.

Cirurgia do periápice para remoção de lesões granulomatosas: relato de caso / Periapical surgery to remove granulomatous lesion

Periapical granuloma is a histological term that refers to the formation of a mass of granulomatous tissue around the apex of a tooth resulting from inflammation and necrosis of the pulp tissue. It consists of an infiltrate of inflammatory cells such as macrophages, plasmocytes and lymphocytes, as well as fibroblasts, collagen fibers and capillaries. Periapical surgery is an alternative for preserving the tooth in the oral cavity in cases where periapical inflammation is persistent even after treatment of root canals. The objective of this study was to report a clinical case in which the surgical technique was used to remove granulomatous lesions from a patient, female, with a history of recurrent periapical abscess without painful symptomatology in the region of the anterior 11,12 and 13 teeth. The histopathological exam demonstrated the presence of a granulomatous tissue with intense inflammatory infiltrate mixed, permeated with lymphocytes and high number of plasmocytes, confirming the diagnosis of periapical granuloma. The treatment was considered successful since the patient remained asymptomatic and there was incorporation of the inorganic bovine bone graft and initiation of bone neoformation in the periapical region.

Granuloma periapical é um termo histológico que refere-se à formação de uma massa de tecido granulomatoso ao redor do ápice de um dente, decorrente da inflamação e necrose do tecido pulpar. É constituído por um infiltrado de células inflamatórias como macrófagos, plasmócitos e linfócitos, além de fibroblastos, fibras colágenas e capilares. A cirurgia do periápice é uma alternativa para preservação do dente na cavidade bucal nos casos em que a inflamação periapical é persistente mesmo após tratamento dos canais radiculares. O objetivo desse trabalho é relatar um caso clínico no qual a técnica cirúrgica do periápice foi utilizada para remoção de lesões granulomatosas de uma paciente, do sexo feminino, com histórico de abscesso periapical recidivante sem sintomatologia dolorosa na região dos dentes anteriores superiores 11, 12 e 13. O exame histopatológico demonstrou a presença de um tecido granulomatoso com intenso infiltrado inflamatório misto, permeado com linfócitos e elevado número de plasmócitos, confirmando o diagnóstico de granuloma periapical. O tratamento foi considerado exitoso, visto que a paciente se manteve asintomática e houve incorporação do enxerto ósseo bovino inorgânico e início da neoformação óssea na região periapical.

Effects of coal ash supplementation on aerobic granular sludge cultivated in a simultaneous fill/draw sequencing batch reactor / Efeitos da suplementação de cinzas de carvão mineral em lodo granular aeróbio cultivado em reator em batelada sequencial de alimentação/descarte simultâneos

ABSTRACT This study aimed to verify if coal ash, a residue from thermal power plants, could act as a granulation nucleus, cations source, and abrasive element to favor granules formation and stability in aerobic granular sludge (AGS) systems. Two simultaneous fill/draw sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) (R1 and R2) were operated with 6-h cycles, i.e., the filling and drawing phases occurred simultaneously, followed by the reaction and settling phases. R1 was maintained as control, while R2 was supplemented with coal ash (1 g·L-1) on the first day of operation. Granulation was achieved in both reactors, and no significant differences were observed in terms of settleability, biomass retention, morphology, resistance to shear, and composition of the EPS matrix. However, the ash addition did not change the settleability, biomass retention, granule morphology, shear resistance, and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content significantly. COD removal was high (≥ 90%), while nitrogen (~50%) and phosphorus (~40%) removals were low, possibly due to the presence of nitrate during the anaerobic phase. With granulation, microbial population profile was altered, mainly at the genus level. In general, the operational conditions had a more considerable influence over granulation than the ash addition. The possible reasons are because the ash supplementation was performed in a single step, the low sedimentation rate of this particular residue, and the weak interaction between the ash and the EPS formed in the granular sludge. These factors appear to have decreased or prevented the action of the ash as granulation nucleus, source of cations, and abrasive element.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se a cinza de carvão mineral, um resíduo de usinas termelétricas, poderia atuar como núcleo de granulação, fonte de cátions e elemento abrasivo em sistemas de lodo granular aeróbio (LGA) para favorecer a formação e estabilidade dos grânulos. Dois reatores em batelada sequencial (RBS) (R1 e R2) foram operados em regime de alimentação/descarte simultâneos com ciclos de 6 h, ou seja, as fases de alimentação e descarte do efluente ocorreram simultaneamente, seguidas das fases de reação e de decantação. O R1 foi mantido como controle, enquanto o R2 foi suplementado com as cinzas (1 g·L-1) no primeiro dia de operação. A granulação foi alcançada em ambos os reatores, não havendo diferenças marcantes em termos de sedimentabilidade, retenção de biomassa, morfologia do grânulo, resistência ao cisalhamento e conteúdo de substâncias poliméricas extracelulares (SPE). A remoção de DQO foi alta (≥ 90%), enquanto as remoções de nitrogênio (~50%) e fósforo (~40%) foram baixas, possivelmente pela presença de nitrato na fase anaeróbia. Após a granulação, o perfil da comunidade microbiana mudou, especialmente em termos de gênero. Globalmente, as condições operacionais tiveram maior influência sobre a granulação do que a adição das cinzas, possivelmente porque elas só foram adicionadas uma vez e possuem baixa velocidade de sedimentação, bem como devido a uma fraca interação das cinzas com a matriz de SPE formada no lodo aeróbio. Esses fatores podem ter diminuído, ou mesmo impedido, a ação das cinzas como núcleo de grânulo, fonte de cátions ou elemento abrasivo.

Development Of Mebeverine Hcl Prolonged Release Mini-Tablets By Thermoplastic Granulation Technique

Mebeverine HCl is a BCS class-I drug and thus it possesses high solubility in aqueous media across the biological pH range. The marketed reference product is a multi-unit particulate system (MUPS) containing prolonged release pellets filled in hard gelatin capsule. In conventional manufacturing process, a huge quantity of solvents (aqueous and/or organic) is used to manufacture such dosage form. Additionally, it demands more processing time and efforts. Therefore, a prolonged release capsules dosage form of Mebeverine HCl was formulated using thermoplastic (melt) granulation technique without usage of any solvent. Prolonged release minitablets sized 2 mm in diameter were developed as per quality by design principles. A 23 full-factorial design of experiment was applied to optimize levels of drug release controlling ingredients which includes a hydrophobic meltable binder (hydrogenated castor oil) cum matrixing agent, a hydrophilic meltable binder (polyethylene glycol) which may act as pore former also, and a release controlling polymer (ethyl cellulose). The optimized formulation was found stable. Dissolution profiles of the optimized formulation were found similar to the marketed reference product in different media across the physiological pH range. In conclusion, the explored solvent less process was capable to manufacture the MUPS dosage form of Mebeverine HCl prolonged-release capsules, which is stable and pharmaceutically equivalent with the reference product. The developed process is more beneficial to small and medium scale industry, as it does not require any special and costly equipment, significantly decreases manufacturing cost and increases productivity compared to conventional process, which is mentioned in literature.

Optimization Of Roll Compactor Variables And Formulation Of Anti-Retroviral Tablet By Roll Compaction Method

Objective: This study emphasis on roll compaction variable and how the processing parameters influence the formation of granules in process of formulations of antiretroviral IR Tablet with help of optimization technique. Methods: In this present work we aimed to develop a stable pharmaceutical dosage form with anti-retroviral drug tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. % retention of granules over # 60 mesh in roll compaction method by sizing with 50G co-mill screen was assessed by optimization and results were evaluated by Design expert 12.0 software. Various parameters and optimization of the parameter for formulation for better product was done by using 23 factorial design and dry granulation technique for manufacturing tablets. Three operating parameters the roller speed, the hydraulic pressure and the gap width on the Chamunda CPMRC-200/150 Roll Compactor were varied. The planned response variable for study was % retention over #60 ASTM mesh. % retention of granules was calculated by weighing granules on digital electronic balance with respect to how much premix material was taken for compaction. Results: Excipients compatibility study gave positive way showing no change in physical appearance of drug-excipients mix. It reviled that drug was compatible with excipients used. By formation of granules with required ratio, the value of Compressibility index changed from 29 to 21.89, showed that flow properties were improved i.e. from poor to passable. Design expert 12.0 gave optimized solution for formation of required quantity of granules. Pareto chart showed envaulted positive and negative impact of factors on response as explained in results. The results clearly indicate that how granules manufacturing in roll compaction process are influenced by roller pressure, roller gap and speed. 70 % flakes formation and granules retention were observed with 4000 kg/cm2 pressure, 1 mm roller gap width and 6 rpm speed of roller. Pareto chart clearly indicate major impact is of roller pressure. Comparative dissolution profile graph showed that drug release pattern is similar with the innovator tablet. A stable, robust tablets were formed at the end of process. Conclusion: In this study, by optimizing processing variables stable antiretroviral immediate release oral solid dosage form was formed.

Diagnostic value of optical coherence tomography angiography in choroidal rupture / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate the diagnostic value of optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)in choroidal rupture and evaluate the imaging features. <p>METHODS: We selected 25 patients(25 eyes)whom were diagnosed as choroidal rupturein in this retrospective observational case. All patients underwent fundus photography, fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA), indocyannine green angiograph(ICGA), spectral domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)and OCTA examinations.<p>RESULTS: All the patients showed the lesions were mostly located in the macular area or on the temporal side of the optic disc, with a yellow-white arc hyperreflexia with stripes shape, it can be accompanied by retinal choroidal edema and subretinal hemorrhage. In the early stage of FFA, it showed a curved shape window defect of choroidal rupture, and fluorescent staining in the late stage. When secondary to choroidal neovascularization(CNV), the active CNV showed a hyperfluorescence leakage. SD-OCT showed the reflex of outer retina and choroidal capillary layer were ruptured, the reflex of the surrounding tissue were reinforced, the subretinal small cluster hyperreflexia can be seen. The granulation tissue showed an arc hyperreflexia with “stripe shape” in the outer retinal and choroid capillary layer of OCTA angiogram image. On the B-scan, it showed an inwardly bulge or outwardly recess shap, with blood flow signal inside. When secondary to CNV, vascular morphology can be seen clearly, most of them were cluster shape, which is different from the granulation tissue.<p>CONCLUSION: Although the granulation tissue and CNV of choroid rupture showed cluster shap and blood flow signal on OCTA, there were significant differences in morphology and tissue composition between them. Through the display of OCTA stratification and the detailed observation of the lesion, the diagnosis rate of secondary CNV in choroidal rupture can be improved.

Silicone stent insertion for treating tracheobronchomalacia in adults / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Silicone tracheobronchial stent insertion can provide symptomatic relief through airway stabilization in patients with symptomatic tracheobronchomalacia. However, there are few studies on this method. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of silicone stents in the treatment of tracheobronchomalacia. METHODS: Eight tracheobronchomalacia patients who underwent silicone stent implantation at Henan Provincial People’s Hospital between September 2015 and December 2018 were included in this study. According to the location and degree of airway softening, appropriate silicone stents were designed. Silicone stents were implanted in all eight patients, including hourglass stents in 2 cases, straight tube stents in 2 patients, Y-shaped stents in 3 patients, and T-shaped stents in 1 patient. All patients provided informed consent and this study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, China. Blood gas analysis was performed before and 30 days after surgery to measure blood oxygen level. Quality of life was assessed by card score. The position of stent, intraluminal endocrine, and granulation growth were dynamically monitored by bronchoscopy at 7, 30 and 60 days after surgery. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Silicone airway stents were placed successfully in seven patients. Dyspnea was relieved immediately. One patient had rupture of left main bronchial membrane during the procedure of insertion. The partial oxygen pressure and chi-square score of seven patients at 30 days after surgery were significantly higher than those before surgery (t=-8. 60, -20. 76, P < 0. 05). Tracheoscopy revealed that stent displacement occurred in 3 patients, difficulty in sputum expectoration and mild granulation tissue hyperplasia occurred in 3 patients, and improved after endoscopic treatment. The results suggest that silicone stent insertion in patients with tracheobronchomalacia can alleviate the symptoms of patients. Although the incidence of silicone stent displacement and sputum obstruction is high, silicone stent insertion is still an important treatment method.

Vacuum sealing drainage enhances wound healing by up-regulating collagen type I/III ratio in rats / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Vacuum sealing drainage can enhance acute and chronic wound healing. The ratio of collagen type I/III play a critical role in the structural stability of skin tissue and skin repair, but its change during vacuum sealing drainage accelerating wound healing remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of vacuum sealing drainage on the ratio of collagen type I/III during wound healing and to explore the potential mechanism underlying acute wound repair in rats. METHODS: A full-thickness wound, with a diameter of 20 mm, was created on the back of healthy male rats. All model rats were then randomized into two groups: blank control and vacuum sealing drainage groups. The wound surface was photographed at three observational time points (1, 3, 7 days after operation), and wound closure rate was calculated and compared. The mRNA and protein expression levels of type I collagen and type III collagen and ratio of collagen type I/III were detected by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. The structure of granulation tissue and length of re-epithelialization were histologically detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the blank control group, treatment with vacuum sealing drainage significantly increased the expression of type I collagen and type III collagen at mRNA and protein levels (P < 0.05), enhanced wound healing rate (P < 0.05) as well as increasing the ratio of collagen type I/III starting from the 3rd day after operation (P < 0.05). To conclude, the vacuum sealing drainage can accelerate wound healing by up-regulating the protein expression of type I collagen and type III collagen, the ratio of collagen type I/III and increasing wound tensile strength.

Research on Bayesian fault diagnosis model of traditional Chinese medicine dry granulation based on failure model and effect analysis (FMEA) / 中国中药杂志

This paper aims to construct a Bayesian(BN) fault diagnosis model of traditional Chinese medicine dry granulation based on the failure model and effect analysis(FMEA), effectively control risk factors and ensure the quality of granules.Firstly, the risk ana-lysis of dry granulation process was carried out with FMEA, and the selected medium and high risk factors were taken as node variables to establish corresponding BN network with causality.According to the mathematical reasoning method of probability theory, the model was accurately inferred and verified by Netica, and the granule nonconformance was used as the evidence for reversed reasoning to determine the most likely cause of the failure that affected the granule quality.The BN fault diagnosis model of traditional Chinese medicine dry gra-nulation was established based on the medium and high risk factors of process, prescription and equipment screened out by FMEA, such as roller pressure, raw material viscosity, clearance between rollers in the paper.The fault diagnosis of traditional Chinese medicine dry granulation process was then carried out according to the model, and the posterior probability of each node under the premise of nonconforming granule quality was obtained.This method could provide strong support for operators to quickly eliminate faults and make decisions, so as to improve the efficiency and accuracy for fault diagnosis and prediction, with innovation in its application.

Design And Evaluation Of Buoyant Matrix System Of Nateglinide

The objective of the present study was to develop and optimize a buoyant tablet of Nateglinide to prolong the gastric residence time leading to reduce dose frequency which is an effective drug in the treatment of type II diabetes. The tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique using chitosan as a natural polymer in different ratios with sodium bicarbonate as gas generating agent. The compatibility of Nateglinide and all excipients were confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. Pre-compression properties of granules are found within the prescribed limits and indicated good flow property. The tablets were evaluated for physical characteristics had shown that all of them comply with specifications of official pharmacopoeias. An optimized tablet formulation (F7) had less buoyancy lag time of 37 sec, total floating time of >12 hrs and higher the drug content of 100.16% and release of Nateglinide was 97.27 % after the end of 12 hours. From the kinetic modeling results, the drug release was Fickian diffusion controlled and followed zero order kinetics.